Firebird opens in Armenia. HUMAIN switches on in Saudi Arabia. Nebius doubles down in Israel. The AI campuses are landing between Yerevan and Riyadh, and the question is who carries their traffic to Frankfurt.
The first fiber across the Caspian is now on the seabed. Its value for Europe and the Balkans will depend on terrestrial diversity, capacity disclosure, and a credible RFS.
The Georgia–Romania Black Sea interconnector has entered marine-survey preparation. Its fiber leg could reshape route diversity, but the telecom product is still undefined.